Which population is primarily screened using bone densitometry?

• A. Individuals under 30 years old
• B. Postmenopausal women and individuals over 50
• C. Athletes and fitness enthusiasts
• D. Children under 18

Answer: (B)

Bone densitometry, or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), is primarily utilized to assess bone mineral density and is especially important for populations at increased risk of osteoporosis. The significance of screening postmenopausal women and individuals over 50 stems from the well-documented relationship between aging, hormonal changes, and the decline in bone density.

Postmenopausal women experience a rapid decrease in bone density due to decreased estrogen levels, which play a critical role in maintaining bone health. Consequently, this group is at a higher risk for osteoporosis, making regular screening vital for early identification and intervention.

Similarly, individuals over the age of 50, regardless of gender, often experience a natural decline in bone density as part of the aging process. The cumulative effect of potential risk factors, such as family history, lifestyle choices, and the presence of chronic conditions, increases their susceptibility to fractures and osteoporosis.

Hence, bone densitometry is principally aimed at this population to help identify those who may benefit from preventive measures, treatment options, or lifestyle changes aimed at maintaining bone health and reducing fracture risk.