What is the primary distinction between Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC)?

• A. QA measures past performance; QC measures current performance.
• B. QA refers to overall programs; QC relates to specific tests.
• C. QA is informal; QC is formal.
• D. QA is only for equipment; QC is only for procedures.

Answer: (B)

The primary distinction between Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) is that QA refers to overall programs and processes designed to ensure quality in the long term, while QC focuses on the specific tests and procedures performed to maintain that quality.

Quality Assurance encompasses the entire framework of policies, procedures, and systematic actions that are established to ensure that the quality standards are met consistently over time. This includes planning, documentation, and regular review of processes to improve the overall quality of services or products.

On the other hand, Quality Control pertains specifically to the operational techniques and activities used to fulfill quality requirements at a specific moment in time. QC involves direct measurement and testing of products or services to identify defects or deviations from standards, enabling immediate corrections or adjustments.

Understanding this distinction is crucial in fields such as bone densitometry, where reliable and high-quality measurements of bone density are vital for diagnosing conditions like osteoporosis. Through robust QA programs, facilities ensure that their QC measures are effective and that they consistently produce accurate results that reflect patient health accurately.