What does a T-score of -2.5 or lower signify?

• A. Risk of fractures
• B. Diagnosis of normal bone density
• C. Diagnosis of osteopenia
• D. Diagnosis of osteoporosis

Answer: (D)

A T-score of -2.5 or lower indicates a significant decrease in bone density and is used as a diagnostic criterion for osteoporosis. This score suggests that an individual has much lower bone mass compared to a healthy young adult, which increases the likelihood of fractures.

Osteoporosis is characterized not just by low bone density, but also by a structural deterioration of bone tissue, which further elevates fracture risk. Thus, a T-score in this range is critical for clinicians, as it helps them identify individuals who may need intervention to prevent fractures and manage their bone health proactively.

In contrast, a T-score that is higher than -2.5 but lower than -1.0 would indicate osteopenia, which is a lesser degree of bone density loss. A T-score of -1.0 to +1.0 represents normal bone density. Therefore, the implications of a T-score of -2.5 or lower are clear in terms of diagnosis: it confirms osteoporosis.