How does a patient’s diet influence bone mineral density?

• A. A diet high in protein is essential for bone health
• B. A diet low in calcium and vitamin D can lead to decreased BMD and greater osteoporosis risk
• C. A balanced diet has no effect on BMD
• D. A diet high in sugars strengthens bone density

Answer: (B)

A diet low in calcium and vitamin D significantly influences bone mineral density (BMD) and can increase the risk of developing osteoporosis. Calcium is a critical mineral for maintaining strong bones, as it is the primary component of bone tissue. Without adequate calcium, the body may begin to lose bone density as it draws on stored calcium from the bones to maintain necessary physiological functions.

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium absorption; without sufficient vitamin D, the body cannot effectively utilize the calcium consumed through diet, further exacerbating bone density loss. Low levels of these nutrients can lead to a gradual decline in bone health, ultimately contributing to conditions such as osteoporosis, where bones become weak and more susceptible to fractures. Therefore, ensuring an adequate intake of both calcium and vitamin D is essential for optimal bone health and maintenance of BMD.