How can excessive alcohol intake affect bone health?

• A. It increases bone density
• B. It is linked to reduced bone formation and increased risk of fractures
• C. It has no effect on bone health
• D. It strengthens bones

Answer: (B)

Excessive alcohol intake is linked to reduced bone formation and an increased risk of fractures for several reasons. Alcohol can negatively impact the cells responsible for bone formation, particularly osteoblasts, which play a critical role in building new bone. This impairment in bone formation can lead to decreased bone density over time.

Additionally, chronic alcohol consumption can alter calcium absorption in the intestines and disrupt vitamin D metabolism, both of which are essential for maintaining bone health. Alcohol can also contribute to hormonal imbalances, including those related to estrogen and testosterone, which are crucial for bone density maintenance.

The combination of these effects can result in weaker bones that are more susceptible to fractures, highlighting the significant risk associated with excessive alcohol use. This understanding underscores the importance of moderating alcohol intake to support overall skeletal health.